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As noted previously, most e-liquids also have varying levels of nicotine

Vaping and heated-tobacco devices are both commonly considered e-cigarettes, but the difference between the two is especially relevant in the midst of national panic about vaping

While impaired decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task), impulsivity (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale) [30], working memory (N-back) [31], and learning and memory [32] have been observed in PLWH smokers relative to PLWH non-smokers, studies that take into account nicotine withdrawal (cognitive deficits arise within a few hours of stopping smoking [33, 34]) tend to report performance benefits [7]

Creamer MR, Wang TW, Babb S, et al